Burrell: 'I really hoped to continue playing'
Important note: This article includes details of racially offensive comments and conduct
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racism in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what happened," he told media outlets.
"I hoped to continue playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and understand that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had several distressing experiences within England camp," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has given considerable focus on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"We are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to strive for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and PWR club now has in-person education on creating welcoming cultures, with its success monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed both on the field with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is prepared to share their experience then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will become about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and continue bearing this banner and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the ability to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022